Characteristic | Caucasian women (n= 95) | Black women (n= 108) | P a |
---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographics | Â | Â | Â |
   Age, years | 57.5 (11.7) | 55.4 (10.0) | ... |
   Public healthcare (%) | 18.9 | 97.2 | ... |
Lifestyle factors | Â | Â | Â |
   Pack year history smoking, n | 2.4 (5.0) | 0.1 (1.5) | 0.003 |
   Current smoking (%) | 9.6 | 1.9 | 0.04 |
   Never smoking (%) | 90.7 | 58.5 | 0.01 |
   Former smoking (%) | 31.9 | 8.4 | 0.01 |
   Alcohol use (%) | 34.0 | 1.9 | < 0.0001 |
   Exercise, hours per weekb, n | 0.7 (2.1) | 0.6 (1.9) | 0.04 |
Blood pressure | Â | Â | Â |
   Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 128 (17) | 140 (24) | 0.5 |
   Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 78 (9) | 85 (15) | 0.1 |
Lipids | Â | Â | Â |
   Total cholesterol, mmol/l | 5.1 (1.0) | 4.7 (0.9) | 0.02 |
   LDL cholesterol, mmol/l | 2.8 (0.9) | 2.6 (0.8) | 0.5 |
   HDL cholesterolb, mmol/l | 1.7 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.3) | 0.002 |
   Cholesterol÷HDL cholesterol | 3.1 (1.0) | 3.3 (1.1) | 0.1 |
   Triglyceridesb, mmol/l | 1.1 (1.5) | 1.1 (1.7) | 0.8 |
   Triglycerides÷HDL cholesterolb | 0.6 (1.8) | 0.7 (2.1) | 0.1 |
   Non-HDL cholesterol | 3.3 (1.0) | 3.2 (0.9) | 0.5 |
Glucoseb, mmol/l | 4.7 (1.2) | 5.2 (1.4) | 0.02 |
Diabetes mellitus (%) | 4.2 | 16.7 | 0.3 |
RA characteristics | Â | Â | Â |
   Disease duration, years | 12.7 (9.1) | 14.8 (9.4) | 0.6 |
   Rheumatoid factor positive (%) | 73.4 | 75.9 | 0.8 |
   DAS28 | 3.5 (1.5) | 4.1 (1.3) | 0.5 |
   Deformed jointsb, n | 4 (4) | 7 (3) | 0.05 |
   Prednisone use ever (%) | 43.2 | 42.6 | 0.08 |
   Current prednisone use (%) | 4.2 | 1.9 | 0.07 |
   Current DMARD, n | 2.1 (0.9) | 2.5 (1.0) | 0.4 |
   Current methotrexate use (%) | 77.9 | 91.7 | 0.9 |
   Current chloroquine use (%) | 47.4 | 77.8 | 0.2 |
Systemic inflammation | Â | Â | Â |
   Erythrocyte sedimentation rateb, mm/hr | 7 (3) | 21 (3) | 0.007 |
   C-reactive proteinb, mg/l | 3.9 (3.6) | 7.5 (3.1) | 0.5 |
Cardiovascular drugs | Â | Â | Â |
   Antihypertensive agent use (%) | 43.2 | 55.6 | 0.07 |
   Oral glucose lowering agent use (%) | 4.2 | 13.9 | 0.03 |
   Insulin use (%) | 1.1 | 2.0 | 0.6 |
   Statin use (%) | 36.8 | 18.5 | 0.03 |
   Ezetimibe use (%) | 2.1 | 0 | ... |
Other | Â | Â | Â |
   Education, years | 12.7 (2.7) | 7.5 (4.1) | 0.002 |
   Hypothyroidismc (%) | 34.7 | 6.5 | 0.2 |
   Hormone replacement therapy (%) | 17.9 | 5.6 | 0.8 |
Atherosclerosis | Â | Â | Â |
   cIMT, mm | 0.689 (0.117) | 0.691 (0.099) | 0.6 |
   Plaque (%) | 36.8 | 35.2 | 0.5 |