Table 3 Baseline demographic, clinical, and imaging characteristics in the treatment groups according to the absence or presence of meniscal extrusion (Ext)

Ext-

n = 94

n = 90

n = 86

Demographic and clinical

Age, years

60 ± 7

63 ± 7

62 ± 8

0.045*

0.961**

0.548**

Female, n (%)

63 (67%)

61 (68%)

57 (66%)

0.978^†

Body mass index, kg/m²

30.0 ± 5.0

29.8 ± 9.9

32.4 ± 8.1

0.187*

WOMAC

 Pain (0 to100)

40 ± 20

44 ± 21

38 ± 22

0.107*

 Function (0 to 100)

42 ± 21

42 ± 24

40 ± 22

0.732*

 Stiffness (0 to 100)

46 ± 23

48 ± 26

42 ± 24

0.294*

 Total (0 to 300)

130 ± 59

132 ± 64

121 ± 65

0.446*

VAS pain (0 to 100 mm)

50 ± 22

54 ± 24

48 ± 25

0.204*

Imaging

Kellgren-Lawrence, n (%)

0.943^†

 Grade 1

-

-

-

 Grade 2

71 (76%)

66 (73%)

64 (74%)

 Grade 3

23 (24%)

24 (27%)

22 (26%)

Joint space width, mm

3.61 ± 0.82

3.67 ± 0.81

3.61 ± 0.77

0.707*

Presence of BML, n (%)

23 (24%)

20 (22%)

18 (21%)

0.847^†

MRI, mm³

  Global knee

11256 ± 2920

11520 ± 3344

11256 ± 2968

0.911*

  Femur

7759 ± 2121

8000 ± 2286

7773 ± 2139

0.750*

  Plateau

3497 ± 886

3520 ± 1158

3483 ± 897

0.855*

  Medial compartment

5391 ± 1374

5547 ± 1577

5325 ± 1435

0.655*

  Medial femur

3797 ± 1020

3937 ± 1098

3763 ± 1023

0.540*

  Medial plateau

1594 ± 405

1610 ± 541

1562 ± 452

0.726*

Ext+

n = 19

n = 15

n = 26

Demographic and clinical

Age, years

61 ± 6

61 ± 8

65 ± 8

0.228*

Female, n (%)

7 (37%)

9 (60%)

19 (73%)

0.051 ^†

0.045**

>0.999**

Body mass index, kg/m²

30.7 ± 4.7

32.2 ± 6.4

29.3 ± 6.0

0.164*

WOMAC

 Pain (0 to100)

50 ± 21

50 ± 16

41 ± 20

0.320*

 Function (0 to 100)

47 ± 21

45 ± 19

38 ± 23

0.593*

 Stiffness (0 to 100)

52 ± 24

57 ± 17

46 ± 19

0.252*

 Total (0 to 300)

147 ± 58

153 ± 46

127 ± 57

0.394*

VAS pain (0 to 100 mm)

56 ± 19

58 ± 19

54 ± 19

0.837*

Imaging

Kellgren-Lawrence, n (%)

0.158†

 Grade 1

-

-

-

 Grade 2

6 (32%)

2 (13%)

11 (42%)

 Grade 3

13 (68%)

13 (87%)

15 (58%)

Joint space width (mm)

2.91 ± 0.75

2.80 ± 0.35

3.15 ± 0.51

0.110*

Presence of BML, n (%)

8 (42%)

3 (20%)

12 (46%)

0.232^†

MRI, mm³

  Global knee

12345 ± 3367

12838 ± 2972

10479 ± 2243

0.032*

0.193**

0.050**

  Femur

8497 ± 2192

8962 ± 2100

7398 ± 1465

0.044*

0.274**

0.062**

  Plateau

3848 ± 1281

3875 ± 1051

3081 ± 830

0.029*

0.100**

0.071**

  Medial compartment

5707 ± 1520

5845 ± 1305

5089 ± 1020

0.208*

  Medial femur

4013 ± 958

4136 ± 945

3619 ± 689

0.176*

  Medial plateau

1695 ± 624

1708 ± 397

1470 ± 360

0.295*