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Fig. 2 | Arthritis Research & Therapy

Fig. 2

From: Cytokine production by activated plasmacytoid dendritic cells and natural killer cells is suppressed by an IRAK4 inhibitor

Fig. 2

The interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase 4 inhibitor (IRAK4i) I92 displays a more prominent inhibitory effect than hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on the production of proinflammatory cytokines in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) and natural killer (NK) cell cocultures and in NK cells alone. pDCs and NK cells from healthy donors were cultivated separately or in coculture in the presence of RNA-containing immune complexes (RNA-IC), with or without I92 or HCQ. The levels of a interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, and b interferon (IFN)-γ, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)1-α, and MIP1-β were measured by immunoassays after 20 h. Bars represent the mean with standard error of the mean (SEM) of nine donors from at least three independent experiments. Friedman’s test, uncorrected Dunn’s test; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, ****p < 0.0001

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