Fig. 3

Effects of bone metabolism of rats under LD and DL cycle. A Femur and tibia lengths. n = 4 per group. B, C μCT scan and 3D images of femur and tibia epiphyses. Green boxed areas indicate the ROI selected for measurement and 3D microCT reconstruction. BV/TV, Tb.Th, Tb.N, Tb.Sp, and BMD were measured. Two-way ANOVA: BV/TV: LD factor: F_{(1, 13)} = 8.841, P = 0.0108; model factor: F_{(1, 13)} = 5.106, P = 0.0417; LD × model: F_{(1, 13)} = 8.672, P = 0.0114; Tb.N: model factor: F_{(1, 13)} = 5.445, P = 0.0363; LD × model: F_{(1, 13)} = 7.538, P = 0.0167; Tb.Sp: model factor: F_{(1, 13)} = 11.41, P = 0.0049; LD × model: F_{(1, 13)} = 14.32, P = 0.0023; BMD: LD factor: F_{(1, 13)} = 8.137, P = 0.0136; model factor: F_{(1, 13)} = 13.33, P = 0.0029; n = 4 to 5 per group. D, E TRAP staining and histomorphometric of rats. Scale bar, 1000 μm and 100 μm. Two-way ANOVA: LD factor: F_{(1, 11)} = 7.732, P = 0.0179; model factor: F_{(1, 11)} = 14.15, P = 0.0031; LD × model: F_{(1, 11)} = 8.118, P = 0.0158; n = 3 to 5 per group. F Von Kossa staining of undecalcified sections of tibias. Scale bar, 50 mm. G Concentration of TRACP-5b, β-CTx, P1NP and BALP in rat serum. Two-way ANOVA: TRACP-5b: LD factor: F_{(1, 26)} = 16.08, P = 0.0005; model factor: F_{(1, 26)} = 6.982, P = 0.0138; β-CTx: LD factor: F_{(1, 26)} = 5.751, P = 0.0240; n = 4 to 12 per group. H OPG⁺ osteoblasts in the epiphyseal trabecular bones of OA rats. Scale bar, 50 mm. n = 3 per group. I Immunofluorescence staining of bone marrow stromal cells in OA rats. Green, OPG⁺ cells; red, RANKL⁺ cells; blue, nucleus. Scale bar, 20 μm. J Levels of MT in OA rat serum. n = 5-7