Table 1 Characteristics of studies on osteoarthritis treatment using autologous adipose tissue
Characteristics | Zhang (2021) [23] | Zhang* (2021) [24] | Garza (2020) [25] | Freitag (2019) [26] | Hong (2019) [27] | Lu (2019) [17] | Lee (2019) [18] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Country | China | China | USA | Australia | China | China | South Korea |
Journal | Stem Cell Res Ther | Biomed Res Int | Amj Sport Med | Regen Med | Int Orthop | Stem Cell Res Ther | Stem Cell Transl Med |
Sample sizes, (n) | |||||||
Study | 56 | 50 | 26 | 20 | 16 | 26 | 12 |
Control | 70 | 50 | 13 | 10 | 16 | 26 | 12 |
Age, (years), mean ± SD | |||||||
Study | 53.98 ± 13.69 | 50.83 ± 10.88 | 60.0 ± 9.8 | 57.4 ± 10.2 | 51.0 ± 6.0 | 55.0 ± 9.2 | 62.2 ± 6.5 |
Control | 55.63 ± 12.18 | 52.87 ± 9.35 | 57.1 ± 9.1 | 51.5 ± 6.1 | 53.0 ± 11.0 | 59.6 ± 6.0 | 63.2 ± 4.2 |
Gender, male: female, (n) | |||||||
Study | 14:42 | 18:29 | 15:11 | 11:09 | 3:13 | 3:23 | 3:09 |
Control | 16:54 | 20:28 | 7:06 | 1:09 | 3:13 | 3:23 | 3:09 |
Body mass index, mean ± SD | |||||||
Study | 23.73 ± 2.99 | 22.67 ± 3.68 | 28.2 ± 4.2 | 31.0 ± 5.6 | 26.3 ± 1.8 | 24.3 ± 3.0 | 25.3 ± 4.9 |
Control | 23.86 ± 2.55 | 23.58 ± 4.19 | 27.1 ± 2.7 | 25.2 ± 3.4 | 24.3 ± 2.6 | 25.4 ± 3.0 | |
Lower limb alignment | Mean varus 1.63 ± 2.21°for SVF; mean varus1.49 ± 2.12 for control group | NR | NR | < 5°varus or valgus for inclusion criteria | NR | Mean varus 1.4 for ASC; mean varus 0.4 for control group | NR |
Follow-up (year, month) | 1, 2, 3, 5 (year) | 6, 12 (month) | 1.5, 3, 6, 12 (month) | 1, 3, 6, 12 (month) | 1, 3, 6, 12 (month) | 6, 12 (month) | 3, 6 (month) |
K-L grade | II, III | II, III | II, III | II, III | II, III | I, II, III | II, III, IV |
Entity of cells | ADSVF | ADSVF | ADSVF | ASC | ADSVF | ASC | ASC |
Control | HA | HA | Placebo (lactated Ringer solution) | Non-injection | HA | HA | Placebo (normal saline) |
Delivery method | Direct IA | Direct IA | IA under US | IA under US | IA under arthroscopy | Direct IA | IA under US |
Injection frequency | Thrice at 0, 1, and 2 months | Once | Once | Twice at 0, 6 months | Once | Twice at 0 and 3 weeks | Once |
No. of cells (× 107) | 4.84 ± 1.61 | NR | 3 (high dose); 1.5 (low dose) | 10 | 0.8 | 5 | 10 |
Adipose donor site | Abdomen | Abdomen | Abdomen | Abdomen | Abdomen | Abdomen | Abdomen |
Rehabilitation | Non-weight bearing for 2 days and to undertake only light activity and avoid previously painful activities for the first 3 weeks after injection | NR | Minimal weight bearing for 2 days, with full range of motion. Light activity for the first 3 weeks after injection | Non-weight bearing for 4 weeks. Regarding range of motion and quadriceps activation exercises Non-weight bearing after the second injection at 6 months in two injection groups | Non-weight bearing for 1 days after operation and were discharged 2 days post operation with the same health propaganda | NR | Non-specific physical limitation was recommended from the day after the injection |