Fig. 2

Normalization of the microarray datasets (GSE79850) and differential gene expression analysis. The gene expression value data before and after normalization (A, B). C Principal component analysis (PCA) of the samples. Blue dots represented the PCA values of 8 healthy controls, and red blots represented 16 PBC patients. D Volcano plots of differentially expressed genes. Blue circles represented downregulated genes and red circles represented upregulated genes. The screening threshold was set as |Log2FC|> 1 and adjusted P-value < 0.05 (TXNIP: |Log2FC|= 2.033 P-adj = 0.006, ENTPD1: |Log2FC|= 2.149 P-adj = 0.002, CD44: |Log2FC|= 1.183 P-adj = 0.041, PDGFRB: |Log2FC|= 1.500 P-adj = 0.016). E Heatmap analysis of all differentially expressed genes