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Table 6 Meta-regression of factors for IgG anti-MAA+ frequency in RA patients

From: Assessment of anti-malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde antibody frequencies in rheumatoid arthritis with new data from two independent cohorts, meta-analysis, and meta-regression

RE meta-regression model

β

pβ

τ2 (95% CI)

R2

Without factor

-

-

2.23 (1.18, 7.61)

-

Previously associated factors

 AF ancestry (%)a

0.25

0.032

1.56 (0.89, 6.43)

0.300

 Anti-CCP (%)

 − 0.06

0.8

2.21 (1.26, 9.09)

0.009

 Women (%)

 − 0.81

0.0070

1.32 (0.75, 5.53)

0.408

 Smokers (%)

0.61

0.10

1.77 (1.01, 7.36)

0.206

 Age (years)

0.03

0.6

2.18 (1.25, 8.99)

0.022

 Time since diagnosis (y)

0.04

0.7

2.27 (1.28, 10.52)

0.000

Potential confounders

 Percentile

 − 0.03

0.5

2.15 (1.23, 8.81)

0.036

 Military (yes)

1.83

0.032

1.56 (0.89, 6.44)

0.300

 Site (N/O)b

2.03

0.0044

1.27 (0.72, 5.27)

0.431

 Site (L/O’)c

 − 0.43

0.6

2.18 (1.25, 8.99)

0.022

Best forward selection modeld

 Site (N/O)b

2.03

0.0044

1.27 (0.72, 5.27)

0.430

Best backward elimination modeld

 AF ancestry (%)

0.35

4.1 × 10−6

0.58 (0.35, 3.12)

0.740

 Smokers (%)

0.94

2.7 × 10−5

  
  1. A significant association is reflected in a significant β coefficient, a decrease in the residual between-studies heterogeneity (τ2) relative to the model without factors, and a large fraction of the between-studies heterogeneity explained (R2)
  2. Abbreviations: RE random effects, τ2 squared tau, between study heterogeneity, 95% CI 95% confidence interval, AF African, Anti-CCP anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies
  3. aFour percentages of African ancestry (32, 24, 16, and 8%) were considered for the Mikuls (2020) [8] study (Supplementary Table 4). Here, we show the results corresponding to 8%
  4. bN = Nebraska = Thiele, 2015 [4] + Mikuls, 2018 [18] + Mikuls, 2020 [8] + Petro 2021 [23]; O = all the other patient sets
  5. cL = Leiden = de Moel, 2023 [5]; O’ = all the other patient sets
  6. dBest models obtained with forward and backward stepwise procedures. The β coefficients (and pβ) correspond to the indicated factor. The other parameters correspond to the model