| Induction-withdrawal studies | Maintenance discontinuation studies | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Predictor | Number of studies | Effect size (SMD, OR, or HR) | P | I2 | Number of studies | Effect size (SMD, OR, or HR) | P | I2 |
Older age, continuous, SMD | 4 | 0.12 (− 0.56, 0.82) | 0.72 | 71.6 | 11 |  − 0.15 (− 0.34, 0.03) | 0.10 | 0 |
Older age, categorical, OR | 2 | 0.58 (0.37, 0.89) | 0.01 | 0 | 1 | 0.85 (0.57, 1.25) | 0.83 | - |
Older age, categorical, HR | 1 | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 0.99 | - | 2 | 1.03 (0.91, 1.17) | 0.62 | 0 |
Women vs Men, OR | 5 | 0.75 (0.49, 1.15) | 0.19 | 0 | 11 | 0.91 (0.67, 1.25) | 0.57 | 0 |
Women vs Men, HR | 1 | 0.91 (0.50, 1.66) | 0.97 | - | 2 | 0.98 (0.82, 1.19) | 0.84 | 0 |
Duration of RA, continuous, SMD | 4 |  − 0.40 (− 0.72, − 0.08) | 0.02 | 4.9 | 11 |  − 0.26 (− 0.45, − 0.07) | 0.006 | 0 |
Duration of RA, categorical, OR | 2 | 0.76 (0.44, 1.31) | 0.32 | 50.5 | 2 | 0.35 (0.13, 0.91) | 0.03 | 63.0 |
Duration of RA, categorical, HR | 1 | 0.78 (0.69, 0.88) |  < 0.001 | - | 1 | 1.05 (0.74, 1.47) | 0.77 | - |
Duration of TNFi treatment prior to discontinuation, continuous, SMD | 2 |  − 0.45 (− 0.91, 0.01) | 0.06 | 0 | 5 | 0.06 (− 0.66, 0.79) | 0.86 | 73.4 |
Duration of TNFi treatment prior to discontinuation, categorical, OR | 0 | - | - | - | 2 | 1.22 (0.95, 1.57) | 0.12 | 57.9 |
Duration of TNFi treatment prior to discontinuation, categorical, HR | 1 | 0.54 (0.41, 0.78) | 0.002 | - | 0 | - | - | - |
Length of remission at time of TNFi discontinuation, continuous, SMD | 0 | - | - | - | 6 | 0.13 (− 0.31, 0.57) | 0.56 | 53.6 |
Time to reach remission with TNFi, continuous, SMD | 0 | - | - | - | 3 |  − 0.36 (− 0.69, − 0.03) | 0.03 | 0 |
Time to reach remission with TNFi, categorical, OR | 1 | 4.66 (0.70, 31.03) | 0.82 | - | 0 | - | - | - |
Time to reach remission with TNFi, categorical, HR | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.67 (0.47, 0.95) | 0.03 | - |
Type of TNFi: Monoclonal antibody vs Etanercept, OR | 0 | - | - | - | 6 | 1.64 (0.98, 2.74) | 0.06 | 26.4 |
Methotrexate dose, continuous, SMD | 2 |  − 0.18 (− 0.57, 0.20) | 0.34 | 0 | 9 | 0.05 (− 0.14, 0.25) | 0.57 | 0 |
Methotrexate dose, categorical, OR | 1 | 0.78 (0.46, 1.34) | 0.37 | - | 0 | - | - | - |
Glucocorticoid use, categorical, OR | 2 | 1.30 (0.11, 15.17) | 0.84 | 69.4 | 7 | 0.93 (0.46, 1.91) | 0.85 | 23.6 |
Glucocorticoid use, categorical, HR | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.56 (0.29, 1.08) | 0.09 | - |
RF value, continuous, SMD | 3 | 0.03 (− 0.55, 0.61) | 0.91 | 54.2 | 2 | 0.19 (− 0.26, 0.65) | 0.40 | 25.6 |
RF positive vs negative, OR | 2 | 0.73 (0.45, 1.20) | 0.21 | 0 | 10 | 0.75 (0.54, 1.03) | 0.08 | 0 |
RF positive vs negative, HR | 1 | 0.83 (0.41, 1.67) | 0.62 | - | 0 | - | - | - |
ACPA titer, continuous, SMD | 1 |  − 0.27 (− 0.82, 0.27) | 0.35 | - | 0 | - | - | - |
ACPA positive vs negative, OR | 1 | 0.40 (0.11, 1.40) | 0.16 | - | 9 | 0.86 (0.62, 1.20) | 0.39 | 0 |
ACPA positive vs negative, HR | 1 | 0.66 (0.34, 1.25) | 0.22 | - | 0 | - | - | - |
HLA shared epitope present vs absent, HR | 1 | 0.25 (0.09, 0.71) | 0.008 | - | 0 | - | - | - |
Radiographic damage, Sharp Score continuous, SMD | 1 |  − 0.47 (− 1.02, 0.07) | 0.11 | - | 3 |  − 0.50 (− 0.82, − 0.17) | 0.002 | 1.3 |
Radiographic damage, categorical, OR | 2 | 1.25 (0.34, 4.59) | 0.73 | 28.4 | 4 | 0.78 (0.66, 0.92) | 0.004 | 2.3 |
Radiographic damage, categorical, HR | 1 | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 0.05 | - | 0 | - | - | - |
BMI continuous, SMD | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.32 (− 0.09, 0.75) | 0.14 | - |
BMI categorical, OR | 0 | - | - | - | 2 | 0.71 (0.51, 0.99) | 0.04 | 0 |
BMI categorical, HR | 1 | 0.96 (0.89, 1.04) | 0.69 | - | 1 | 0.80 (0.66, 0.96) | 0.02 | - |
Smoker vs non-smoker, OR | 0 | - | - | - | 1 | 0.63 (0.21, 1.88) | 0.41 | - |
Smoker vs non-smoker, HR | 1 | 0.41 (0.23, 0.71) | 0.002 | - | 1 | 0.83 (0.70, 0.99) | 0.04 | - |
HAQ continuous, SMD | 4 |  − 0.33 (− 0.67, 0) | 0.05 | 12.1 | 7 | 0 (− 0.25, 0.24) | 0.99 | 0 |
HAQ categorical, OR | 1 | 0.98 (0.60, 1.60) | 0.94 | - | 0 | - | - | - |
HAQ categorical, HR | 1 | 0.66 (0.34, 1.25) | 0.22 | - | 1 | 0.82 (0.69, 0.97) | 0.03 | - |
Disease activity, continuous, SMD | 4 |  − 0.73 (− 1.30, − 0.16) | 0.02 | 57.4 | 8 |  − 0.21 (− 0.59, 0.16) | 0.26 | 51.7 |
Disease activity, categorical, OR | 2 | 0.70 (0.37, 1.32) | 0.27 | 69.0 | 3 | 0.47 (0.16, 1.38) | 0.17 | 83.0 |
Disease activity, categorical, HR | 2 | 0.71 (0.45, 1.12) | 0.14 | 59.6 | 2 | 0.76 (0.65, 0.88) |  < 0.01 | 0 |
MBDA > 44 vs ≤ 44, categorical, OR | 1 | 0.08 (0.004, 1.67) | 0.20 | - | 1 | 0.43 (0.24, 0.75) | 0.003 | - |
Ultrasound Grey scale, continuous, SMD | 1 |  − 0.45 (− 1.34, 0.43) | 0.25 | - | 4 |  − 0.02 (− 0.36, 0.33) | 0.93 | 0 |
Ultrasound power Doppler continuous, SMD | 1 |  − 0.08 (− 0.96, 0.80) | 0.97 | - | 4 |  − 0.30 (− 0.68, 0.07) | 0.12 | 13.4 |
Ultrasound power Doppler categorical, HR | 0 | - | - | - | 2 | 0.34 (0.09, 1.31) | 0.12 | 70.1 |